As intelligent buildings depend increasingly complex Building Management Systems automation systems, ensuring cybersecurity safety has become paramount . Possible threats, from harmful access to cyber attacks, can cripple building operations and endanger occupants. Secure BMS digital safety measures must include multi-faceted defenses, including fr

Modern building automation systems increasingly rely on electronic connectivity, making them potential risks for malicious intrusions . These advanced threats can disrupt essential operations , leading to significant financial losses . Establishing robust cybersecurity measures – including regular software updates and staff education – is essen